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Niche Markets
In this era of easy availability of knowledge and technology, it is not inconceivable to drastically change a country's source of revenue in a matter of a single decade. An example being the economy of China, where it was only a decade ago that they had rudimentary industries that are more associated with a third world country. China is today still being considered as a third world country, but if we were to add up all its many capabilities, then there is no doubt that being the second largest economy in the world and having the status as the factory of the world, it will easily reach developed status in another decade.
It is certainly an economy to keep a watch on, if we were to perceive it as a threat to other faltering economies trying to survive in this era of high oil and commodity prices. Partly due to its huge market and cheap land and labor, China has been the choice of foreign direct investments, especially from American and European sources. China's February 2008 FDI reached US$18.1 billion, an increase of 38.8% from a year ago. Because investors have no other alternatives, they are dumping their money into China, hoping to at least carve out a small piece of the cake. This has added more fuel to the already overheated Chinese economy, where inflation rate has reached a very uncomfortable level, as far as the large impoverished population of this land is concerned. Just imagine what will happen if the large poor rural populace who at this moment is facing survival threats from pricey essentials begin to run riot? The whole world will not be prepared for such a catastrophe!
It is indeed a shivering thought if we were to look around the other smaller economies. You will find that many of them are following in the same footsteps like China, replicating the kind of investments that will add no value to the world economy, except to add to the numbers of countries that can only say 'me too' also producing it. The world cannot sustain too many similar economies like those of China, each trying to replicate the kind of low cost production units. Resources should be more productively utilized in areas of newer technologies or newer products and services instead of being channeled into same old things. However, doing so will require new and stronger visions, least so from parties that can make decisions.
Along with this thinking, there should also be restructuring of economies that have been using import substitutions to sustain their economies. With low cost producing countries feeding their productions to buying nations, it is no more viable to keep these import substitution industries running. An important example being the vehicle industry, where competition among the few industry giants have brought about producing cars at a cost that small producing nations just can’t match. For them, an import substitution economy should cease as soon as possible and another sustainable method be introduced.
Perhaps one of the viable methods is to take the route of 'niche production' where specialization in highly niche industries seek and expanded. Niche industries have a very much higher risk for successes, but if ceaselessly pursued, will have long term benefits. It is certainly less competitive, but requires suitable marketing efforts and a longer gestation period for break even. For some developing countries that are not endowed with much natural resources, niche production might be the only alternative in order to remain relevant in a world economy that makes size a very important deciding factor where success is to be achieved or not.
Niche industries rely heavily on human resources. It relies on ideas and innovative thinking much more than material resources. An evergreen example to look at is the Swiss watch makers. A traditional watch exporting country that have very little natural resources, Switzerland has reinvented itself to exporting exclusive fine watches and cheap models that click well with the young and trendy. Being a traditional exporter of expensive accurate chronometers, it too has to reinvent itself when the quartz revolution came about in the sixties. All it had was the human factor and plenty of government incentives to turn the tide and reinvented itself to remain relevant today.
Most of the requirements for niche production are already available, except for the political will to pursue it. Economist have yet to take a deeper look into its many benefits, but with existing import substitution channels facing a bleak future, the time might be now to take a concerted interest to it. A world with diverse industries spread out among big, medium and small economies; with each able to carve out a fair proportion of trade will bring about stability and peace.
As an example of a niche industry that has a great potential, we have only to look at the robotics industry. Especially futuristic is the scenario where robots are used to take care of the burgeoning aging population. Robots that can be programmed to show interactive facial expressions will be on the menu in the not distance future, and might become man's preferable companion!
written by Yap Tat Meng
Inventive Ideas
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